central sleep apnoea (csa) is a disorder in which there are pauses in breathing while asleep – these are called apnoeas. the body does not make an attempt to breathe during these pauses. csa occurs when the brain does not send the correct signals to the muscles that control breathing. this differs from obstructive sleep apnoea (osa) where normal breathing is affected by obstruction in the upper air passage (throat).
csa can be caused by a number of conditions that affect the control centres for breathing in the brain, known as the brainstem. breathing difficulties while sleeping can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, so a range of diagnostic tests may be needed to confirm or rule out csa. a sleep study usually means an overnight stay in a sleep unit, where measurements of the child’s breathing during sleep are recorded by technologists/physiologists experienced in working with children. the results are then interpreted by a paediatric sleep consultant, who can make a diagnosis of csa. if a child has been diagnosed with csa and has been treated or if it was decided to wait and follow progress, a follow-up sleep study will be arranged.
central sleep apnea (csa) or central sleep apnea syndrome (csas) is a sleep-related disorder in which the effort to breathe is diminished or absent, typically for 10 to 30 seconds either intermittently or in cycles, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation. the immediate effects of central sleep apnea on the body depend on how long the failure to breathe endures, how short is the interval between failures to breathe, and the presence or absence of independent conditions whose effects amplify those of an apneic episode. [12] csa with cheyne-stokes breathing is characterized by at least one of the criteria of primary csa or the presence of atrial fibrillation/flutter, chf, or a neurologic disorder.
[12] although central and obstructive sleep apnea have some signs and symptoms in common, others are present in one but absent in another, enabling differential diagnosis as between the two types:[citation needed] congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (cchs), often referred to by its older name “ondine’s curse,” is a rare and very severe inborn form of abnormal interruption and reduction in breathing during sleep. [20] central sleep apnea is common in preterm, newborn, and infancy stages but a decrease in risk is found with aging and maturity of the central nervous system. the prevalence of csa in healthy children aging 10 to 18 years is 30%.
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