joan c. han, md, is associate professor, section on growth and obesity, program in developmental endocrinology and genetics, eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development, national institutes of health, bethesda, maryland, and departments of pediatrics and physiology, university of tennessee health science center, children’s foundation research institute, le bonheur children’s hospital, memphis. the authors acknowledge that this study was funded by the intramural research programs of the eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development (1ziahd008898-02) and the national institute of nursing research of the national institutes of health and by the national institutes of health bench-to-bedside program. the national institutes of health patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (promis) has self-reported health measures available for both pediatric and adult populations, but no pediatric measures are available currently in the sleep domains.
the purpose of this observational study was to perform preliminary validation studies on age-appropriate, self-reported sleep measures in healthy adolescents. the cleveland adolescent sleepiness questionnaire (casq), promis sleep disturbance (v. 1.0; 8a), and promis sleep-related impairment (v. 1.0; 8b) questionnaires were completed, and sleep patterns were assessed using actigraphy. findings suggest the potential research and clinical utility of adult versions of promis sleep measures in adolescents.
the final item banks included 15 items for sleep disturbance and 13 for sleep-related impairment. the purpose of this article is to describe the development and evaluation of the measurement properties of pediatric versions of the promis sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment item banks. the flow chart illustrates the major steps in the development and evaluation of the promis pediatric sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment item banks, and items at each stage of development. the flow chart illustrates the major steps in the development and evaluation of the promis pediatric sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment item banks, and items at each stage of development. to test the assumption of two factors, we fit a cfa with the full-item pool (expected poor fit), a two-factor efa (items expected to load on their hypothesized factor), and cfas for items expected to measure sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment [23]. promis measures are scored in the direction of their concept’s name, so higher sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment scores indicate poorer sleep health. once we constructed the t-scores, we evaluated the distribution of scores in the general population sample to ensure that we had a representative range of severity of sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment.
to assess convergent validity, we evaluated the correlations between the two new sleep measures and existing measures of sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, and fatigue in the sleep center sample. we also gave the school sleep habits survey, which is a self-reported measure of sleep patterns, including descriptions of school- and weekend-night sleep habits and daytime sleepiness. sociodemographic and clinical characteristics for the general population and clinical samples are shown in table 1. the former sample can be considered a national sample of children in the general population while the latter a convenience sample of children with sleep problems. tables 2 and 3 also indicate which items were selected for the short forms, and which of the pediatric items are also included in the parallel promis adult item banks. the correlations between child-reported sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment and other measures of sleep health and fatigue are shown in table 6. the two promis pediatric sleep health measures were moderately correlated (0.57). this article describes the development of the promis pediatric sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment item banks. they do not measure the timing of sleep, which can be evaluated with sleep diaries or actigraphy, and are not intended to be a screening or diagnostic tool for sleep disorders. in conclusion, the promis pediatric sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment item banks provide assessments of a child’s difficulties falling and staying asleep as well as daytime sleepiness and its impact on daytime functioning.
the promis sleep disturbance (sd) and sleep-related impairment (sri) item banks were developed using a rigorous and systematic methodology, promis item bank v. 1.0 – sleep-related impairment – short form 8a. sleep related impairment – short form 8a. please respond to each item by marking one box to assess sleep-related impairment. development of short forms from the promis™ sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment item, .
promis sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment item banks were developed to improve self-report regarding the sleep–wake function in adults. promis the promis pediatric sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment item banks provide subjective assessments of child’s difficulty falling measure: level 2—sleep disturbance—adult (promis—sleep disturbance— table should be used to identify the t-score associated with the individual’s total, .
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