another symptom of narcolepsy is disrupted nighttime sleep, which in turn increases the sleepiness experienced during the day. the research indicates that people with narcolepsy use coping strategies to avoid unpleasant thoughts and emotions in the form of lucid dreaming. “the relationship between sleep and depression is bidirectional, complex, and apparent across the course of depression.”2 cognitive behavioral therapy has been used to treat insomnia seen in depression. these tools have equipped me to persevere in the darkest of days. since my diagnosis in 2007, my family and i lost everything in the nashville flood of 2010. this resulted in a transient period of our life where we bounced around between 5 residences in 2 years. each one of these events required a proactive approach that involved counseling and groups.
everyone will face adversity in their life, it is how one chooses to respond that defines their character. the benefits of small groups, as offered by wake up narcolepsy and narcolepsy network, have been essential to me navigating challenging times. you are spot on
neurophysiological and neurochemical findings suggest the involvement of emotional brain circuits in the physiopathology of cataplexy, which seems to depending on the dysfunctional interplay between the hypothalamus and the amygdala associated with an alteration of hypocretin levels. in the light of above, it was hypothesized that narcolepsy could be considered a defense against anxiety and uneasiness associated with difficult personal issues. the link between sleep and emotions also emerges in the field of clinical psychiatry. for instance, neurophysiological evidence revealed a possible involvement of the amygdala in cataplexy. the results showed the absence in nc patients compared to controls of a startle potentiation to unpleasant stimuli, supporting the hypothesis of an amygdala dysfunction in this sleep disorder. considering the crucial role of emotions in cataplexy [4,5,6,7,8,9], it could be hypothesized a relationship between emotional reactions and cataplexy attacks, mediated by coping strategies. with regards to cataplexy and coping strategies, some studies focused on the emotional reactions in nc patients using standard stimuli to elicit emotions and investigates the emotional stimuli processing in these subjects. another study investigated the neurophysiological effects of startle and laughter in nc [111]. microstructural analyses also found a link between emotional features in dreams and the limbic system, investigating the relationships between volumetric and ultrastructural measures of the hippocampus-amygdala complex and specific qualitative features of dreaming [124]. [140] found a significant increase in lucid dreaming of n and nc compared to healthy controls, without any difference in emotional contents in the frequency of nightmares. in this vein, the ability to express emotions may affect cataplexy, and the presence/absence of alexithymia in nc should be assessed. this viewpoint becomes promising especially considering that nc is a chronic disorder and it could be associated with a secondary form of alexithymia, as an attempt to cope with the stress of situation (e.g., [150,151,152,153]). hence, studies that investigated in n and nc the specific role of hypocretin during msa also are needed. anic-labat s, guilleminault c, kraemer hc, meehan j, arrigoni j, mignot e. validation of a cataplexy questionnaire in 983 sleep-disorders patients. american academy of sleep medicine: westchester; 2005. mignot e, lammers gj, ripley b, okun m, nevsimalova s, overeem s, vankova j, black j, harsh j, bassetti c, schrader h, nishino s. the role of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement in the diagnosis of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias. fortuyn had, mulders p, renier w, buitelaar j, overeem s. narcolepsy and psychiatry: an evolving association of increasing interest. brundin l, björkqvist m, petersén å, träskman-bendz l. reduced orexin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of suicidal patients with major depressive disorder. florid refractory schizophrenias that turn out to be treatable variants of hla-associated narcolepsy. sansa g, gavaldà a, gaig c, monreal j, ercilla g, casamitjana r, ribera g, iranzo a, santamaria j. exploring the presence of narcolepsy in patients with schizophrenia.
the effects of sleep deprivation on symptoms of psychopathology in healthy adults. the brain correlates of laugh and cataplexy in childhood narcolepsy. grillon c, baas j. a review of the modulation of the startle reflex by affective states and its application in psychiatry. a mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. afferents to the orexin neurons of the rat brain. kanbayashi t, inoue y, chiba s, aizawa r, saito y, tsukamoto h, fujii y, nishino s, shimizu t. csf hypocretin-1 (orexin-a) concentrations in narcolepsy with and without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. reward-based behaviors and emotional processing in human with narcolepsy-cataplexy. gainesville: the center for research in psychophysiology, university of florida; 1999. bayard s, langenier mc, dauvilliers y. facial expression recognition and emotional regulation in narcolepsy with cataplexy. hishikawa y, shimizu t. physiology of rem sleep, cataplexy, and sleep paralysis. effects of startle and laughter in cataplectic subjects: a neurophysiological study between attacks. amygdala and hippocampus volumetry and diffusivity in relation to dreaming. dream disturbed sleep in insomnia and narcolepsy. fosse r. rem mentation in narcoleptics and normals: an empirical test of two neurocognitive theories. prevalence and correlates of frequent nightmares: a community-based 2-phase study. item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. the prevalence of ‘alexithymia’ characteristics in psychosomatic patients. sleep problems and sleep hygiene in young adults with alexithymia. rem sleep, prefrontal theta, and the consolidation of human emotional memory. narcolepsy and emotional experience: a review of the literature. behav brain funct 14, 19 (2018).
when stress combines with daytime sleepiness and disrupted nighttime sleep, a vicious cycle between narcolepsy symptoms and mental health to sum up, it could be stated that in narcolepsy the relationship between sleep and emotional factors is particularly robust, mainly because the beginning in her senior year of high school, scaggs began to notice sleepy symptoms and troubling muscle weakness—but it took several doctors’, narcolepsy test, narcolepsy test, type 2 narcolepsy, does stress make narcolepsy worse, narcolepsy personality.
it is often triggered by sudden, strong emotions such as laughter, fear, anger, stress, or excitement. the symptoms of cataplexy may appear weeks or even years after the onset of eds. some people may only have one or two attacks in a lifetime, while others may experience many attacks a day. what causes narcolepsy hormonal changes, which can occur during puberty or the menopause major psychological stress an infection, such as swine flu, or the other factors, such as stress, brain trauma, exposure to toxins, and infection, may also play a role. risk factors. some of the risk factors for narcolepsy may sleep experts warn that extreme sleepiness may not be from stress, but a sleeping disorder. student exhausted from studying. exceptional, cataplexy, stress-induced sleep.
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